Bibliotheek

INFORMATIE- EN ADVIESCENTRUM INZAKE DE SCHADELIJKE SEKTARISCHE ORGANISATIES

Auteur

MILES, Jack (Ed.)

DONIGER, Wendy (Ed.)

LOPEZ, Donald S. Jr. (Ed.)

ROBSON, James (Ed.)

Titel

The Norton Anthology of World Religions. Volume One

Type document

Boek

Nummer ISBN/ISBD

978-0-393-06253-3

ISSN

Uitgever

W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Uitgaveplaats

New York NY

Publicatiejaar

2015

Pagina's

2230

Bijlagen

LIV

Nummer van het werk

SEK-SEK-B0600-00136

Taal van het werk

Engels

Vindplaats

B 0600/00136

Rubrieknaam

B0600 E - Godsdiensten naslagwerk Engels - religions livre de référence anglais - religions refere

Samenvatting

List of maps
List of illustrations
Preface
Acknowledgments

Jack Miles - General introduction: art, play, and the comparative study of religion

A. Wendy Doniger - Hinduism.

Introduction: the zen diagram of Hinduism


I. Chronology

1. Hinduism in Sanskrit, 1500 B.C.E. - 1200 C.E.


1.1. Ancient texts, 1500-200 B.C.E.

1.1.1. Humans, animals, and Gods in the Rig Veda, 1500-1000 B.C.E.
- I pray to Agni
- Creation hymn
- Aditi and the birth of the Gods
- The hymn of the primeval man
- The funeral fire
- Burial hymn
- Varuna provoked to anger
- Agastya and Lopamudra
- Have mercy on us, Rudra
- The three strides of Vishnu

1.1.2. Sacrifice in the Brahmanas, 800-500 B.C.E.
- Shatapatha Brahmana: Prajapati creates fire; the fish saves Manu from the flood; killing the sacrificial horse; restoring the horse
- Jaiminiya Brahmana: how men changed skins wth animals; Bhrigu's journey in the other world; the Gods make men evil

1.1.3. Renunciation in the Upanishads, 600-200 B.C.E.
- Brihadaranyaka Upanishad: the creator creates death; creation; dreaming; the origins of the self
- Chandogya Upanishad: the self; transmigration; Janashruti and Raikva
- Shvetashvatara Upanishad: the two birds

1.1.4. The discipline of mind and body in the yoga-sutra of Patanjali, 150 B.C.E.
- Quieting the mind


1.2. The Age of Ferment, 300 B.C.E. - 400 C.E.

1.2.1. Duty and disaster in the Mahabharata of Vyasa, 300 B.C.E.-300 C.E.
- The stripping of Draupadi
- Ekalavya cuts off his thumb
- The Pandavas go to heaven, with a dog
- The churning of the ocean
- The end of female promiscuity
- The karma of dharma
- The dog who would be lion
- King Shibi saves the dove from the hawk
- Daksha's sacrifice

1.2.2. Obligation, liberation, and devotion in the Bhagavad Gita, ca. 100 C.E.
- Arjuna questions Krishna
- The soul does not die
- The two paths
- The true nature of action
- The path of devotion
- Salvation and damnation

1.2.3. Lost loves and tragic mistakes in the Ramayana of Valmiki, 200 B.C.E. - 200 C.E.
- The birth of Sita and the bending of the bow
- Dasharatha kills a boy he istakes for an elephant
- The Gods interrupt Shiva and Parvati

1.2.4. The Brahmins explain everything in the Shastras, 100-600 C.E.
- Manu: to eat or not  to eat meat; the dependence of women; retribution in rebirth
- Charaka, Hiranyakeshin, and Varahamihira: the tiology of diseases; how to perform a funeral; how to read the stars


1.3. The synthesis of Hinduism, 400-1200 C.E.

1.3.1. The Gods - and a Goddess - in the Puranas, 400-1200 C.E.
- The Puranic world: the fruits of hearing a Purana (Devaraja the sinner); the four ages; the transfer of karma in hell
- Shiva: the origin of Linga worship; how Rudra destroys the universe; Mankanaka dances for Shiva
- Vishnu: Vishnu as the Buddha; Vishnu as Kalki
- Krishna: Krishna kills the Ogress Putana; Krishna's mother looks inside his mouth
- Devi, the Goddess: the birth of the Goddess; the death of the Buffalo Demon
- Shrines and pilgrimages: the descent of the Ganges; the River Yamuna; the virtues of Varanasi; the pilgrimage of Shiva to Varanasi; Yudhishthira at Prayaga
- Medicine and ethics: embryology; suffering; hell

1.3.2. Sects and sex in the Tantras
- Tantric points in the body
- The tantric gander
- Terrifying tantric visions
- The five elements of tantric ritual
- Tantric sins of excess

1.3.3. Theology and/or philosophy in the Vedanta
- Shankara dreams
- Ramanuja dreams
- The man who built a house of air


2. Vernacular Hinduism in South India, 800-1800 C.E.

2.1. Tamil find its many voices, 800 to 1300

2.1.1. The Tiruvaymoli ('sacred spoken word') of Nammalvar
- He is both the crooked and the straight
- Worker of miracles
- You do stunts
- Look here
- It's true
- Talking of Monism
- Kings who rule the earth all alone
- Our masters
- Who is he possessing the highest good?
- Beyond the range
- If you say he exists
- He is diffused in every drop
- People of this world
- Lord of Shiva
- He became and exists
- The whirling age of Kali ends
- Monarch of lions
- Perhaps you will destroy my sorrow
- You do not come
- I shall die if you go to graze the cows
- You were gone the whole day

2.1.2. The Tevaram ('Garland of God') of Cuntarar
- A dog am I
- You won't remove the fierce karma
- You slew a murderous elephant
- What is the use of release?
- You kill time telling lies
- When I hear death has come
- Can't you see how false they are
- I placed before him
- I don't call to him as my mother

2.1.3. The Periya Puranam ('Great Purana') of Cekkilar
- Maran feeds a guest
- Kannapear gives his eye to Shiva

2.1.4. The Cilappatikaram ('the tale of an anklet') of Ilanko Atikal
- Pattini is worshipped


2.2. Shiva's warriors and wives in Kannada, 800-1700

2.2.1. Basava and the Virashaivas
- Shiva, you have no mercy
- As a mother runs
- The master of the house
- Does it matter how long
- When a whore with a child
- I went to fornicate
- Don't you take on
- The pot is a God
- The rich will make temples

2.2.2. Mahadeviyakka: a virashaiva woman poet-saint
- My body is dirt
- Husband inside
- Who cares
- If one could
- People, male and female


2.3. Passion for God in Telugu, 1100-1300

2.3.1. The Basava Purana ('the ancient story of Basava') of Palkuriki Somanatha
- The story of the eggplants that became Lingas
- The herdswoman's buttermilk pot
- The foxes that became horses

2.3.2. Temple poems from Tirupati by Annamayya
- Why cross the boundary
- Seeing is one thing
- I'll serve you as best as I can
- Lord, I give up
- You think I'm someone special
- It's no small thing
- I was better off then

2.3.3. Poems by Kshetrayya
- A courtesan to a young costumer
- A courtesan to her lover
- A courtesan to her friend
- A married woman to her lover


2.4. Falling at Shiva's feet and Rama's feet in Malayalam, 1850-1950

2.4.1. Kumaran Asan
- Feet like lotus powder
- Sita lost in thought

2.4.2. Diaspora interlude: Hinduism in Cambodia, Java, and Bali
- The Sdok Kak Thom inscription
- The perfect knowledge
- The romance of Arjuna and Ulupi


3. Vernacular Hinduism in North India, 800-1900

3.1. The emergence of Hindi

3.1.1. The Bijak ('seedling') of Kabir
- Saints, I've seen both ways
- Brother, where did your two Gods come from?
- That con man Hari
- Here's how the world fights against God
- The Pandits' pedantries are lies
- Pandit, look in your heart for knowledge
- Think, Pandit, figure it out
- Hey Pandits, who didn't die?
- Pandit, think before you drink
- She went with her husband
- Beast-meat and man-meat
- It's a heavy confusion
- The Self forges itsels
- Qazi, what book are you lecturing on?

3.1.2. Surdas
- If you drink the milk
- Far off and furtive
- Look, my friend
- She's found him
- Badha is lost
- With love there's never a thought
- Black storm clouds
- Gopal has slipped in
- Thoughts of him stalk me
- Ever since your name has entered
- Having seen Hari's face
- Madhav, please, control that cow

3.1.3. Mirabai
- I'm colored with the color of dusk
- Life without Hari
- The Bhil woman tasted them
- Sister, I had a dream
- Oh, the Yogi
- Let us go to a realm beyond going

3.1.4. Tulsi Das
- The fire of my stomach
- It is said in ancient writings
- A blind, mean-minded
- Say Ram, Say Ram, Say Ram
- The name of King Ram
- O Shiva, great giver
- This darkest of ages
- Ramcharitmanas ('The Holy Lake of the Acts of Rama'): Sati takes the form of Sita; the crow and Anasuya; the mutilation of Shurpanakha; the abduction of Sita


3.2. Tukaram of Maharashtra says no! 1608-1649

3.2.1. Gods and not so holy men
- I was only dreaming
- Insects in a fig
- I pretend to laugh
- When my father died
- I was held captive
- The thug has arrived
- God's own dog
- Lord you could become
- With a bizarrely painted face
- The great mother of the Shakta
- The ascetic
- Once there was a celibate man
- The real reason why you created

3.2.2. Caste and the Varkaris
- By caste and lineage a Shudra
- I've not a single fraud
- Good you made me a Kunbi
- We are lucky! We are lucky!
- I feel shame when people honor me
- Born of Shudra family
- What will I gain by remaining deferent?
- Oh listen now to me

3.2.3. Critique of Brahmins
- He's not a Brahmin who abhors
- He sells his daughters, cows, and stories
- The cunning grab for coins
- If you don't keep the Ashramas
- Brachmachari Dharma is reciting the Vedas
- Call him Pandit, he's in bliss

3.2.4. Illusion and Bhakti
- It is for this I wander wild
- A God without a devotee
- Hari, you are cruel and without qualities
- I gave birth to myself
- We've treated Moksha with scorn because
- Silence in speech, life in death
- Brahma is illusion, say the crooks of religion
- Accumulating wealth by a noble business
- Avatar of Buddha, o my invisible one
- I've built a house in bundless space


3.3. Love and anger in Bengal, 1500-1872

3.3.1. Jayadeva
- The ten avatars of Vishnu

3.3.2. Vidyapati
- The necklace-snake
- Counterfeit
- Let no one be a girl
- My body hid my body
- As the mirror to my hand
- Children, wife, friend

3.3.3. Chandidas
- What God is that
- He was black
- It's no use telling me
- Mastering Sahaja love
- My body corrodes
- Beloved, what more shall I say?

3.3.4. Govinda-Das
- O Madhava
- The marks of fingernails

3.3.5. Balarama-Das
- A wicked woman

3.3.6. Chaitanya and Krishnadas Kaviraja
- An encounter with the dual form

3.3.7. Rupa Goswami
- The general characteristics of devotion
- The eightfold activities of Radha and Krishna

3.3.8. Narottama Das
- Poems to Krishna and Radha

3.3.9. Ketaka Das
- The birth of Manasa
- Chando defies manasa
- Chando comes home
- Manasa relents

3.3.10. Ramprasad Sen
- I spent my days in fun
- Tell me, brother, what happens after death?
- What did I do wrong?
- How many times, mother
- You think motherhood is child's play?
- Mind, you gambled?
- I'm not calling you anymore
- Why should I go to Kashi?
- Mother, incomparably arrayed

3.3.11. Fakir Lalon Shah
- The bird and the cage, and the flower

3.3.12. James Battery and W.H. Macnaghten
- Hindoo widows, &c.
- Questions to the Pundits of the Court of Sudder: Dewanny Adawlat

3.3.13. Rammohun Roy
- The practice of burning widows alive

3.3.14. Michael Madshusudan Datta
- The funeral rite of Meghanada

3.3.15. Swami Vivekananda
- Speeches to the World's Parliament of Religions, Chicago 1893


4. The Hindu authors of modernity, 1900 and after

4.1. Folk, tribal, and Dalit Hinduism

4.1.1. Folk Hinduism
- Gujarat: the Goddess of Mahi River; Lord Shiva and the Satwaras; the origin of the Shiva-linga at Bhimnath
- Nagaland: the girl who was loved by a tree spirit
- Bengal: the birth and marriage of Shiva; the origin of the temple at Tarakeshvar; the Brahmin who swallowed a God; if God is everywhere; nonviolence; walking on water
- Andhra Pradesh: how Tenali Rama became a jester; Tenali rama's Ramayana; the guru and the idiot

4.1.2. Adivasi (tribal) Hinduism
- Gonds: Mahadeo and Parvati were living in the Binjpahar Hills; in the underworld; an old Gond and his wife; formerly the whole country belonged to the Gond; a Chamar's son
- Rajnengi Pardhan: the sun and the moon; one night while Sita and rama were lying together; when cows were first born; before Mahadeo sent men to live
- Muria: when this world was first made; long ago men could read the future
- Other tribal groups: Bhagavan wanted to piss (Gogia Pardhan); why men and animals no longer talk together (Ahir); there was no death (Junag); there was once a God called Amrit (Kol)

4.1.3. Dalit Hinduism
- Dr. Ambedkar's speech at Mahad; which language should I speak? (Arun Kamble); you who have made the mistake (Baburao Bagul); the story of 'my Sanskrit' (Kumud Pawde); Angulimal (Tryambak Sapkale); Eklavya (Tryambak Sapkale); for I am Brahma (Narayan Surve); every woman in this country (Kamla Bhasin)


4.2. Hinduism and the twentieth-century writer

4.2.1. Rabindranath Tagore
- Gitanjali: mind without fear; fool; leave this; seashore; sail away; Maya; song unsung; lost time; distant time; endless time

4.2.2. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
- The gospel of selfless action

4.2.3. Prem Chand
- The shourd

4.2.4. Nirala
- A look at death
- Giving
- Blood Holi
- Shurpanakha

4.2.5. Mahasveta Devi
- Dopdi (Draupadi)

4.2.6. Anantha Murthy
- Samskara: a rite for a dead man

4.2.7. Anumandla Bhumayya
- Kausalya in fury

4.2.8. Vilas Sarang
- Rudra the untouchable God

4.2.9. Salman Rushdie
- Midnight's children

4.2.10. Purushottam Nagesh Oak
- The Taj Mahal is a Hindu palace

4.2.11. Kancha Ilaiah
- Hindu Gods and us

4.2.12. A.K. Ramanujan
- Mythologies pt. 1: Putana
- Mythologies pt. 2: Nara-Simha
- Mythologies pt. 3: Mahadevyakka



B. Donald S. Lopez, Jr. - Buddhism

Introduction: in the world of the Buddha

I. Chronology

1. Buddhism in India

1.1. The shared tradition

- How our world began. Knowledge of origins. The Agganna Sutta
- King Shibi rescues a dove. The Shibi Jataka
- Prince Vessantara gives away his children. The Vessantara Jataka
- The Buddha remembers his mother's tears. The noble search (the Ariyapariyesana Sutta)
- The life of the Buddha. Account of the beginning (the Nidanakatha)
- The Buddha's final days. Great discourse on the final Nirvana (the Mahaparinibbana Sutta)
- The Buddha's first sermon. Setting the Wheel of the Dharma in motion (the Dhammachakkappavattana Sutta)
- The Buddha belittles the Brahmins. The three knowledges (the Tevijja Sutta)
- The benefits of mindfulness. The establishment of mindfulness (the Satipatthana Sutta)
- Early aphorisms. Verses of the Dharma (the Dhammapada): the pairs; awareness; the mind; flowers; the childish; old age
- The beginnings of Buddhist philosophy. The chapter on the goal (the Atthakavagga): on desire; eight stanzas on the cave; eight stanzas on the impure; eight stanzas on the pure; eight stanzas on the ultimate; on aging; dialogue with Tissa Metteyya; discourse with Pasura; dialogue with Magandiya; before the body breaks down; contentions and disputes; shorter discourse on taking sides in disputes; longer discourse in taking sides in disputes; the quick way; the violent way; dialogue with Sariputta
- Wander solitary as a rhinoceros horn. The Rhinoceros Horn Sutta (the Khaggavisana Sutta)
- Nuns achieve Nirvana. Songs of the female elders (the Therigatha): Panchasata Patachara; Vasitthi; Khema; Sujata; Anopama; Mahapajapati Gotami; Gutta; Vijaya
- The life well lived. Discourse on good fortune (the Mangala Sutta)
- Kunala loses his eyes. Legend of Ashoka (the Ashokavadana)
- The meaning of love. Discourse on loving-kindness (the Metta Sutta)
- How to meditate on love. Buddhaghosa. Path of purification (the Visuddhimagga)
- The workings of the law of karma. Vasubandhu. Treasury of higher doctrine (the Abhidharmakosha)

1.2. Mahayana Sutras

- The Lotus Sutra. White lotus of the true Dharma (the Saddharmapundarika)- chapter III. A parable
- A layman humbles the monks. The Vimalakirti Sutra - chapter II. Skillful means; chapter III. Disciples
- The pure land. Discourse on the land of bliss (the Sukhavativyuha Sutra)
- The Diamond Sutra. The perfection of wisdom that rends lik a thunderbolt (the Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita)
- The Buddha nature lies hidden within. Discourse on the Buddha nature (the Tathagatagarbha Sutra)
- The Heart Sutra. Discourse on the heart of the perfection of wisdom (the Prajnaparamitahridaya Sutra)
- On the meaning of emptiness. Nagarjuna. Verses on the middle way (the Madhyamakakarika) - XVIII. An analysis of the self; - XXII. An analysis of the Tathagata; - XXIV. An analysis of the noble truths; - XXVI. An analysis if the twelve-fold chain
- In praise of the empty Buddha. Nagarjuna. Four hymns (the Catuhstava): hymn to the incomparable one; hymn to the ultimate; hymn to the one beyond the world; hymn to the inconceivable one
- Advice to a king. Matricheta. Letter to Kanishka (the Kanishkalekha)
- How to be a Bodhisattva. Shantideva. Introduction to the practice of the Bodhisattva Path (the Bodhicaryavatara): I. The power of a commitment to awakening; II. Confession of sins; III. Taking possession of the tought of awakening; IV. Vigilance in preserving the thought of awakening; V. Protecting the thought of awakening; VI. The virtue of patience; VII. The perfection of fortitude; VIII. The perfection in meditation; IX. The perfection of discernment; X. Dedication of merit
- How to meditate on emptiness. Kamalashila. Stages of meditation (the Bhavanakrama)


1.3. Buddhist Tantra
- Rituals for a better rebirth. tantra on the complete purification of all negative places of rebirth (the Sarvadurgatiparishodhana Tantra). Mandala of the king of long life
- How to practice tantra. Tantra on the complete enlightenment of Vairochana (the Vairochanabhisambodhi Tantra. Mantra deeds
- Tantric masters. Abhayadatta. Lives fo the eighty-four the Siddhas (the Chaturashitisiddhaprevritti): Virupa; Saraha; Nagarjuna
- Ever in the female form. In praise of the twenty-one Taras


2. Buddhism in China

- Buddhism comes to China. The scripture in forty-two sections (the Shishi'er Zhang Jing)
- A Buddhist apocryphon. Treatise on the awakening of faith according to the Mahayana (the Dasheng Qixin Lun). Part 4/ On faith and practice.
- A Chinese pilgrim visits the Bodhi Tree. Xuanzang. The great Tang Dynasty record of the Western world (the Da tang Xiyu Ji)
- Burning the body for the Buddha. Accounts in dissemniation and praise of the Lotus Sutra (the Hongzan Fahua Zhuan)
- On the origins of Zen. Platform Sutra of the sixth patriarch (the Liuzu Tan Jing). Number one: account of origins
- Instructions of a Chan master. Linji. Record of Linji (the Linji Lu)
- The Ten Kings of Hell. Scripture on the ten kings (the Shiwang Jing)
-Letters from a Zen master. Dahui. Records of pointing at the moon (the Zhi Yue Lu): 'do not grasp another's bow'; dealing with situations
- Chinese pilgrims meet the Buddha. Wu Cheng'en. Journey to the West (the Xi You Ji)
- The Bodhisattva who bestows children. Dharani Sutra of five Mudras of the great compassionate white-robed one (Baiyi Dabei Wuyinxin Tuoluoni Jing)


3. Buddhism in Korea

-Why practice the Dharma. Wonhyo. Arouse your mind and practice (Palsim Suhaeng Chang)
-The harmony of doctrine and practice. Chinul. Secrets of cultivating the mùind (Susim Kyeol)


4. Buddhism in Japan

- The glories of the esoteric. Kukai. Treatise distinguishing the two teachings of exoteric and esoteric methods (the Benkenmitsu Nikyo Ron)
- On the power of Amithaba's Vow. Shinran. lamenting the deviations (Tannisho)
- Treasury of the true Dharma eye. Dogen. Treasury of the true Dharma eye (the Shobogenzo). Book 28. Paying obeisance and getting the marrow
- How Buddhism protects the nation. Nichiren. Treatise on the establishment of the orthodox teaching and the peace of the nation (the Rissho Ankokuron). Dialogue 1. The cause of the calamities. Dialogue 2. Predictions oin the Sutras. Dialogue 3. Priests of today
- No talking in the hall of silence. Muju Ichien. Sand and pebbles (Shasekishu)
- Chido, who harms the nation, wrote this. Dreams of Buddhism (Buppo Yume Monogatari)
- A conversation with skeletons. Ikkyu. Skeletons (Gaikotsu)
- You poor hole-dwelling devil. Hakuin. Orategama


5. Buddhism in Tibet

- How to exchange self and other. Chekawa. Commentary on eight verses for training the mind (the Lojong Tsik Gyeme Drelpa)
- Milerepa meditates on his mother's bones. Tsangnyon Heruka. Biography of Milarepa (the Mile Namtar). Chapter 9. The journey home
- The stages of the path to enlightenment. Tsong kha pa. Great exposition of the stages of the path (the Lam Rim Chen Mo)
- The path and the result. Mangtho Ludrup Gyatso. Heart of the practice (Nyamlen Nyingpo)
- A Tibetan book of the dead. Janggya. Moonlight bestowing the cooling complete bliss (Dende Silwa Derje Daser)
- Severing the demon of the self. Patrul Rinpoche. Words of my perfect teacher (Kunzang Lame Shelung). The Kusali's accumulation: destroying the four demons at a single stroke


6. Modern Buddhism

- Buddhism comes to Chicago. Anagarika Dharmapala. The world's debt to Buddha
- Buddhism returns to India. B.R. Ambedkar. Buddha or Karl Marx
- How to meditate. Mahasi Sayadaw. Practical Vipassana exercices. Part 1. Basic practice
- San Francisco Zen. Shunryu Suzuki. Zen mind, beginner's mind: control; mind waves; bowing; Zen and excitement
- An American Sutra. Gary Snyder. Smokey the bear Sutra
- Buddhist monk wins Nobel Peace Prize. The Dalai Lama. The Nobel evening address


C. James Robson - Daoism

Introduction: Daoism lost and found

1. Chronology. 

1.1. The dawn of Daoism: from the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 B.C.E.) through the Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.E.)
- The book of Master Mo (Mozi). From against the Confucians
- The scripture of the way and its virtue (Daode Jing, or Laozi) - from book one; from book two
- The book of Master Zhuang (Zhuangzi): free and easy wandering; the secret of caring for life; in the world of men; mastering life
- Master of Huainan (Huainan-zi): from One. Originating in the way; from Two. Activating the genuine
- From inward training (Neiye)
- From the seal of the unity of the three, in accordance with the book of changes (Zhouyi cantong qi)
- The book of Master Han Fei (Han Feizi). From explaining the Laozi (Jielao)
- The old man by the river commentary (Heshang gong). Chapter 3. How to pacify people
- Sima Tan. From essential points the six lineages of thought (Lun liujia yaozhi)

1.2. Classical Daoism takes shape: from the Han Dynasty ((202 B.C.E. - 220 C.E.) through the Six Dynasties period (220-589 C.E.)

- The scripture of great peace (Taiping jing). Section 41. How to distinguish between poor and rich
- The Laozi inscription (Laozi ming)
- Scripture on Laozi's transformations (Laozi bianhua jing)
- Cao Zhi. Two poems on Taishan: Urge on the carriage; In the morn I wandered
- Xiang Kai. From memorial to Emperor Huan. Concerning Buddhism and Daoism
- Wang Fu. The conversion of the barbarians
- From the Xiang'er commentary on the Laozi (Laozi xiang'er zhu)
- From commands and admonitions for the family of the great Dao (Dadao jia lingjie)
- Regulations of the dark capital (Xuandu lüwen). Regulations for petitionins
- The most high jade scripture on the internal view of the yellow court (Taishang huangting neijing yujing)
- The array of the five numinous treasure talismans of the most high (Taishing lingbao wufu xu). Absorption of solar and lunar essences
-  Instructions on the scripture of the divine elements of the nine tripods of the yellow emperor (Huangdi jiuding shendan jing)
- Ge Hong. The inner chapters of the book of the master who embraces simplicity (Baopu zi neipian): Climbing (mountains) and fording (rivers); Talismans for entering mountains
- Traditions of divine transcendents (Shenxian zhuan). Li Changzai. Mozi. Zhang Ling
- From the demon statutes of lady blue (Nüqing guilü)
- From the record of the ten continents (Shizhou ji)
- The 180 precepts spoken by Lord Lao (Laojun shuo yibai bashi jie)
- From the spirit spells of the abyss (Dongyuan shenzhou jing)
- The declarations of the perfected (Zhen'gao): The diffusion of the corpus; Betrothal; Marriage
- Master Zhou's records of his communications with the unseen (Zhoushi mingtong ji): From Tao Hongjing's preface; From Zhou's records, annotated by Tao Honjing
- The marvelous scripture in purple characters of the lord emperor of the gold portal (Huangtiang shangqing jinque dijun lingshu ziwen shangjing): ingesting solar and lunar pneumas
- Scripture of the three primordial perfected ones, by the imperial lord of the golden portal (Jinque dijun sanyuan zhenyi jing)
- From the wondrous scripture of the upper chapters of limitless salvation (Lingbao wuliang duren shangpin miaojing)
- Purification rite of luminous perfected (Mingzhen zhai)
- Lu Xiujing - the abridged codes of master Liu for the Daoist community (Lu xiansheng daomen kelüe)
- Lu Xiujing - the five sentiments of gratitude (Dongxuann lingbao wugan wen)
- Scripture of the opening of heave, by the most high lord Tao (Taishang laojun kaitian jing)
- From biographies of students of the Dao (Daoxue zhuan)
- From the scripture of the inner explanations of the three heavens (Santian neijie jing)
- The great petition for sepulchral plaints (Dazhong songzhang)
- Liu Yiqing. A new account on tales of the world (Shishuo xinyu): A Buddhist critique of Daoist talismans
- Zhen Luan. The essay to ridicule the Dao (Xiaodao lun): preface; revival of the dead through fivefold purification; Laozi became the Buddha; taking cinnabar brings a golden complexion; plagiarizing Buddhist Sutras for Daoist scriptures


1.3. The consolidation and expansion of Daoism: from the Sui Dynasty (581-618 C.E.) through the Tang Dynasty (618-907 C.E.)

- From the essentials of the practice of perfection from the one and orthodox ritual canon (Zhengyi fawen xiuzhen zhiyao)
- Scriptural instructions of the primordial perfected from the hall of light of highest clarity (Shangqing mingtang yuanzhen jingjue): the technique of the mystic realized one
- Zhang Wanfu. From the short exposition on the transmission of the scriptures, rules, and registers of three caverns (Chuanshou sandong jingjie falu lüeshuo)
- From the scripture and chart for the mysterious contemplation of man-bird mountain (Xuanlan renniao shan jingtu)
- The regulations for the acceptance and cultivation of Daoism according to the Dongxuan, Lingbao, and Sandong scriptures (Dongxuan lingbao sandong fengdao kejie yingshi): crimes as conditions for retribution; good deeds as conditions for retribution; the creation of icons; the Daoist's clothes
- Scripture on inner observation by the most high lord Lao (Taishang laojun neiguan jing)
- Shitou Xiqian. The seal of the unity of the three (Cantong qi)
- Yan Zhenqing. Stele inscription for the altar of the transcendent Lady Wei of the Jin Dynasty, the lady of the Southern peak, primal worthy of the purple void, concurrently supreme true mistress of destiny (Jin zixu yuanjun ling shangzhen siming nanyue furen xiantan beiming)
- Wu Yun. Cantos on pacing the void (Buxu Ci)
- Selected poems: Li Bo - The ascent of Mount Tai; The lady of the supreme primordial; Flying dragon conductus; Bo Juyi - composed in response to 'Sending Daoist master Liu off to wander on heavenly platform mountain'
- Li Ao. From the book of returning to one's true nature (Fuxing shu)
- Guifeng Zongmi. The inquiry into the origin of humanity (Yuanren lun). Exposing deluded attachments
- Du Guangting. Records of the assembled transcendents of the fortified walled city (Yoncheng jixian lu): Wang Fajin. Ms. Wang. Mao Ying
- Du Guanting. Biographies of persons who had contact and encountersd with supernatural beings and immortals (Shenxian ganyu zhuan). Biography of Li Quan
- Du Guanting. Records of miracles in support of Daoism (Daojiao lingyan ji). An examination of the altar of the transcendent lady Wei of Nanyue
- The sutra of the three kitchens, preached by the Buddha (Foshuo sanchu jing)
- Du Guanting. From recorded for the ritual of merit and virtue for repairing the various observatories of  Qincheng Mountain (Xiu qincheng shan zhuguan gongde ji)
- The collection of books new and old on the absorption of breath gathered by the Master of Yanling (Yanling xiansheng ji xinjiu fuqi jing). Formula for the use of breath by perfect men of mysterious simplicity. Expounded by the master of great respect
- Yu Xuanji's life and poems: from 'minor writings from Shanshui' by Huangfu Mei: poems; fellings in the last month of spring: sent to a friend; on the assigned topic of willows by the river; early autumn; selling wilted peonies; during a visit to the Southern tower of the veneration of truth monastery I saw the new examionation graduates writing their names on the wall
- The chronicles of Japan (Nihongi) (corpse liberation)
- Poems composed by Kakinomoto No Asomi Hitomaro when the sovereign went on an excursion to the palace at Yoshino (where our sovereign reigns) (our great sovereign)
- Kukai. Indications of the goals of the three teachings (Sango shiki). Preface; Part two: the argument of Kyobu (Daoist)
- Sol Ch'ong. Inscription on an image at Kamsan monastery


1.4. The resurgence and diversification of Daoism: the Song (960-1279 C.E.) and Yuan (1260-1368 C.E) Dynasties

- From the scripture on the golden elixir of the dragon and the tiger (Jindan longhu jing)
- Zhang Boduan. Awakening to reality (Wuzhen pian)
- Zhang Boduan. A song for Liu, a comrade of the Dao, of white toiger cave (Zeng bailongdong Liu daoren ge)
- Zhou Dunyi. Explanation of the diagram of the supreme polarity (Taijitu shuo)
- Shao Yong. Biography of the gentleman with no name (Wuming jun zhuan)
- Yuan Miaozong. From secret essentials of the most high principal Zhenren assisting the country and saving the people (Taishang zhuguo jiumin zongzhen biyao)
- Hong Mai. From 'heard and written by Yijian' (Yijian zhi)
- Esoteric biography of Qinghe (Qinghe neizhuan)
- The corpus of Daoist ritual (Daofa huiyuan). Song of the dark pearl
- Private tutor of the nine spontaneously generating Lingbao heavens of primordial commencement: on latent refinement for transcendent salvation and vitalizing transformation (Yuanshi lingbao ziran jiutian shenghua chaodu yinlian bijue)
- Baj Yuchan. From 'A vermillion petition memorializing the thunder court on the matter of deliberating merit titles' (Leifu zou shiyi xun danzhang)
- Wang Qizhen. The great Lingbao method of the Shangqing heaven (Shangqing lingbao dafa)
- From 'Tract of the most exalted on action and response' (Taishang ganying pian)
- Wang Zhe. From 'Redoubled Yang's fifteen discourses for the stablishment of the doctrine' (Chongyang lijiao shiwu lun)
- Li Zhichang. From 'The record of perfected perpetual spring's travels to the West' (Changchun zhenren xiyou ji)
- Inscriptions from the Palace of Eternal Joy: Yuan Congyi - From 'A record of the Tang Dynasty shrine to perfected man Lü of purified yang (You Tang Chunyang lü zhenren citang ji); Wang E - From 'A stele on the reconstruction of the great palacae of purified yang and limitless longevity (during) our great dynasty' (Dachao chongjian Chunyang wanshou gong zhi bei)
- Wang Daoyuan. Essay on the secret essentials of the recycled elixir (Huandan biyao lun)
- Zhongli of the Han leads Lan Caihe to enlightenment (Han Zhong Li dutuo Lan Caihe)
- Memorabilia of the three kingdoms (Samguk yusa). Podok (Koguryo)
- Records of the three kingdoms (Samguk sagi). Yon Kaesomun (Koguryo)


1.5. The new standardization and unification of Daoism: from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 C.E.) through the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912 C.E.°

-Journey to the West (Xiyou ji). At the three pure ones temple the great sage leaves his name: at the cart slow kingdom the monkey king reveals his power
- Journey to the North (Beiyou ji). The dark emperor descends once more into the mortal world to save the people from misery.
- A record of the land of the blessed (Sanshan fudi zhi)
- Hanshan Deqing. Commentaries on the Laozi and Zhuangzi
- A taste of immortality.
- Matteo Ricci. From 'religious sects among the Chinese'
- Selected Qing Dynasty edicts. On private founding of monastic buildings, and private ordinations of Buddhist and Daoist monks. Regulation of the clergy
- The Daoist priest of the Lao Mountains
- From 'The secret of the golden flower' (Taiyi jinhua zongzhi)
- Fu Shan. Cutting the red dragon (Duan Honglong)
- He Longxiang. Combined collection of female alchemy (Nüdan hebian). From 'The preface'. Awaiting salvation
- Zhang Sanfeng. From 'Secret principles of gathering the true essence' (Caizhen jiyao)
- Min Yide. Transmission of the mind-lamp from Mount Jin'gai (Jin'gai xindeng). Biography of Zhao Daojian (1163-1221), the first patriarch. Biography of Wang Changyue (?-1680)
- The hermits of Huashan
- Immortals certificate
- A shamanistic exorcism
- Biographical stele inscription for the Daoist Wang (Wang daoren daoxing bei)


1.6. Modern Chinese history and the remaking of Daosim: from the Republican Era (1912-1949) to the early twenty-first century

- The Dao among the Yao of Southeast Asia: selected texts
- Alfred, Lord Tennyson. From the ancient sage
- Oscar Wilde. A chinese sage
- Taoism: a prize essay
- Martin Buber. From 'Commentary on *Talks and parables of Chuang Tzu*'
- Carl Gustav Jung. Foreword to 'The secret of the golden flower'
- Chen Yingning. From 'Explorations in oral secrets '(Koujoue gouxuan lu)
- Fangnei Sanren. A ballad on looking for the way
- From 'The complete performance of Su' (Dachu su)
- Yoshitoyo Yoshioka. From 'Daoist monastic life'
- Paul Shih-yi Hsiao. From 'Heidegger and our translation of the Daode Jing'
- Xu Jianguao. Why must we prohibit the reactionary Daoist cults?
- Buddhists and Daoists at Mount Nanyue welcome the people's communes
- George Harrison. The inner light
- Fritjof Capra. The tao of physics: an exploration of the parallels between modern physics and Eastern Mysticism. From 'Beyond the world of opposites'
- Qian Zhongshi. Limited views: essays on ideas and letters (Guanzhui bian). The insights and myopia of mystical philosophies
- Two ritual documents. memorial for a communal ritual. Announcement for a communal ritual
- A Daoist ordination certificate from Putian, Fukian
- Two prayers to the deified Laozi from Penang, Malaysia. Limitless longevity. Lord lao's spirit medium
- Ursula K. Le Guin. Introduction to the 'Tao Te Ching' and epilogue: Dao song
- RZA. The Wu-Tang Manual. Look to the East. The 'three ways': Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism
- Zhang Jiyu. A declaration of the Chinese Daoist Association on Global Ecology


Glossaries: Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism

Selected bibliographies: Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism

Permissions acknowledgments

Indexes

Samenvatting

List of maps
List of illustrations
Preface
Acknowledgments

Jack Miles - General introduction: art, play, and the comparative study of religion

A. Wendy Doniger - Hinduism.

Introduction: the zen diagram of Hinduism


I. Chronology

1. Hinduism in Sanskrit, 1500 B.C.E. - 1200 C.E.


1.1. Ancient texts, 1500-200 B.C.E.

1.1.1. Humans, animals, and Gods in the Rig Veda, 1500-1000 B.C.E.
- I pray to Agni
- Creation hymn
- Aditi and the birth of the Gods
- The hymn of the primeval man
- The funeral fire
- Burial hymn
- Varuna provoked to anger
- Agastya and Lopamudra
- Have mercy on us, Rudra
- The three strides of Vishnu

1.1.2. Sacrifice in the Brahmanas, 800-500 B.C.E.
- Shatapatha Brahmana: Prajapati creates fire; the fish saves Manu from the flood; killing the sacrificial horse; restoring the horse
- Jaiminiya Brahmana: how men changed skins wth animals; Bhrigu's journey in the other world; the Gods make men evil

1.1.3. Renunciation in the Upanishads, 600-200 B.C.E.
- Brihadaranyaka Upanishad: the creator creates death; creation; dreaming; the origins of the self
- Chandogya Upanishad: the self; transmigration; Janashruti and Raikva
- Shvetashvatara Upanishad: the two birds

1.1.4. The discipline of mind and body in the yoga-sutra of Patanjali, 150 B.C.E.
- Quieting the mind


1.2. The Age of Ferment, 300 B.C.E. - 400 C.E.

1.2.1. Duty and disaster in the Mahabharata of Vyasa, 300 B.C.E.-300 C.E.
- The stripping of Draupadi
- Ekalavya cuts off his thumb
- The Pandavas go to heaven, with a dog
- The churning of the ocean
- The end of female promiscuity
- The karma of dharma
- The dog who would be lion
- King Shibi saves the dove from the hawk
- Daksha's sacrifice

1.2.2. Obligation, liberation, and devotion in the Bhagavad Gita, ca. 100 C.E.
- Arjuna questions Krishna
- The soul does not die
- The two paths
- The true nature of action
- The path of devotion
- Salvation and damnation

1.2.3. Lost loves and tragic mistakes in the Ramayana of Valmiki, 200 B.C.E. - 200 C.E.
- The birth of Sita and the bending of the bow
- Dasharatha kills a boy he istakes for an elephant
- The Gods interrupt Shiva and Parvati

1.2.4. The Brahmins explain everything in the Shastras, 100-600 C.E.
- Manu: to eat or not  to eat meat; the dependence of women; retribution in rebirth
- Charaka, Hiranyakeshin, and Varahamihira: the tiology of diseases; how to perform a funeral; how to read the stars


1.3. The synthesis of Hinduism, 400-1200 C.E.

1.3.1. The Gods - and a Goddess - in the Puranas, 400-1200 C.E.
- The Puranic world: the fruits of hearing a Purana (Devaraja the sinner); the four ages; the transfer of karma in hell
- Shiva: the origin of Linga worship; how Rudra destroys the universe; Mankanaka dances for Shiva
- Vishnu: Vishnu as the Buddha; Vishnu as Kalki
- Krishna: Krishna kills the Ogress Putana; Krishna's mother looks inside his mouth
- Devi, the Goddess: the birth of the Goddess; the death of the Buffalo Demon
- Shrines and pilgrimages: the descent of the Ganges; the River Yamuna; the virtues of Varanasi; the pilgrimage of Shiva to Varanasi; Yudhishthira at Prayaga
- Medicine and ethics: embryology; suffering; hell

1.3.2. Sects and sex in the Tantras
- Tantric points in the body
- The tantric gander
- Terrifying tantric visions
- The five elements of tantric ritual
- Tantric sins of excess

1.3.3. Theology and/or philosophy in the Vedanta
- Shankara dreams
- Ramanuja dreams
- The man who built a house of air


2. Vernacular Hinduism in South India, 800-1800 C.E.

2.1. Tamil find its many voices, 800 to 1300

2.1.1. The Tiruvaymoli ('sacred spoken word') of Nammalvar
- He is both the crooked and the straight
- Worker of miracles
- You do stunts
- Look here
- It's true
- Talking of Monism
- Kings who rule the earth all alone
- Our masters
- Who is he possessing the highest good?
- Beyond the range
- If you say he exists
- He is diffused in every drop
- People of this world
- Lord of Shiva
- He became and exists
- The whirling age of Kali ends
- Monarch of lions
- Perhaps you will destroy my sorrow
- You do not come
- I shall die if you go to graze the cows
- You were gone the whole day

2.1.2. The Tevaram ('Garland of God') of Cuntarar
- A dog am I
- You won't remove the fierce karma
- You slew a murderous elephant
- What is the use of release?
- You kill time telling lies
- When I hear death has come
- Can't you see how false they are
- I placed before him
- I don't call to him as my mother

2.1.3. The Periya Puranam ('Great Purana') of Cekkilar
- Maran feeds a guest
- Kannapear gives his eye to Shiva

2.1.4. The Cilappatikaram ('the tale of an anklet') of Ilanko Atikal
- Pattini is worshipped


2.2. Shiva's warriors and wives in Kannada, 800-1700

2.2.1. Basava and the Virashaivas
- Shiva, you have no mercy
- As a mother runs
- The master of the house
- Does it matter how long
- When a whore with a child
- I went to fornicate
- Don't you take on
- The pot is a God
- The rich will make temples

2.2.2. Mahadeviyakka: a virashaiva woman poet-saint
- My body is dirt
- Husband inside
- Who cares
- If one could
- People, male and female


2.3. Passion for God in Telugu, 1100-1300

2.3.1. The Basava Purana ('the ancient story of Basava') of Palkuriki Somanatha
- The story of the eggplants that became Lingas
- The herdswoman's buttermilk pot
- The foxes that became horses

2.3.2. Temple poems from Tirupati by Annamayya
- Why cross the boundary
- Seeing is one thing
- I'll serve you as best as I can
- Lord, I give up
- You think I'm someone special
- It's no small thing
- I was better off then

2.3.3. Poems by Kshetrayya
- A courtesan to a young costumer
- A courtesan to her lover
- A courtesan to her friend
- A married woman to her lover


2.4. Falling at Shiva's feet and Rama's feet in Malayalam, 1850-1950

2.4.1. Kumaran Asan
- Feet like lotus powder
- Sita lost in thought

2.4.2. Diaspora interlude: Hinduism in Cambodia, Java, and Bali
- The Sdok Kak Thom inscription
- The perfect knowledge
- The romance of Arjuna and Ulupi


3. Vernacular Hinduism in North India, 800-1900

3.1. The emergence of Hindi

3.1.1. The Bijak ('seedling') of Kabir
- Saints, I've seen both ways
- Brother, where did your two Gods come from?
- That con man Hari
- Here's how the world fights against God
- The Pandits' pedantries are lies
- Pandit, look in your heart for knowledge
- Think, Pandit, figure it out
- Hey Pandits, who didn't die?
- Pandit, think before you drink
- She went with her husband
- Beast-meat and man-meat
- It's a heavy confusion
- The Self forges itsels
- Qazi, what book are you lecturing on?

3.1.2. Surdas
- If you drink the milk
- Far off and furtive
- Look, my friend
- She's found him
- Badha is lost
- With love there's never a thought
- Black storm clouds
- Gopal has slipped in
- Thoughts of him stalk me
- Ever since your name has entered
- Having seen Hari's face
- Madhav, please, control that cow

3.1.3. Mirabai
- I'm colored with the color of dusk
- Life without Hari
- The Bhil woman tasted them
- Sister, I had a dream
- Oh, the Yogi
- Let us go to a realm beyond going

3.1.4. Tulsi Das
- The fire of my stomach
- It is said in ancient writings
- A blind, mean-minded
- Say Ram, Say Ram, Say Ram
- The name of King Ram
- O Shiva, great giver
- This darkest of ages
- Ramcharitmanas ('The Holy Lake of the Acts of Rama'): Sati takes the form of Sita; the crow and Anasuya; the mutilation of Shurpanakha; the abduction of Sita


3.2. Tukaram of Maharashtra says no! 1608-1649

3.2.1. Gods and not so holy men
- I was only dreaming
- Insects in a fig
- I pretend to laugh
- When my father died
- I was held captive
- The thug has arrived
- God's own dog
- Lord you could become
- With a bizarrely painted face
- The great mother of the Shakta
- The ascetic
- Once there was a celibate man
- The real reason why you created

3.2.2. Caste and the Varkaris
- By caste and lineage a Shudra
- I've not a single fraud
- Good you made me a Kunbi
- We are lucky! We are lucky!
- I feel shame when people honor me
- Born of Shudra family
- What will I gain by remaining deferent?
- Oh listen now to me

3.2.3. Critique of Brahmins
- He's not a Brahmin who abhors
- He sells his daughters, cows, and stories
- The cunning grab for coins
- If you don't keep the Ashramas
- Brachmachari Dharma is reciting the Vedas
- Call him Pandit, he's in bliss

3.2.4. Illusion and Bhakti
- It is for this I wander wild
- A God without a devotee
- Hari, you are cruel and without qualities
- I gave birth to myself
- We've treated Moksha with scorn because
- Silence in speech, life in death
- Brahma is illusion, say the crooks of religion
- Accumulating wealth by a noble business
- Avatar of Buddha, o my invisible one
- I've built a house in bundless space


3.3. Love and anger in Bengal, 1500-1872

3.3.1. Jayadeva
- The ten avatars of Vishnu

3.3.2. Vidyapati
- The necklace-snake
- Counterfeit
- Let no one be a girl
- My body hid my body
- As the mirror to my hand
- Children, wife, friend

3.3.3. Chandidas
- What God is that
- He was black
- It's no use telling me
- Mastering Sahaja love
- My body corrodes
- Beloved, what more shall I say?

3.3.4. Govinda-Das
- O Madhava
- The marks of fingernails

3.3.5. Balarama-Das
- A wicked woman

3.3.6. Chaitanya and Krishnadas Kaviraja
- An encounter with the dual form

3.3.7. Rupa Goswami
- The general characteristics of devotion
- The eightfold activities of Radha and Krishna

3.3.8. Narottama Das
- Poems to Krishna and Radha

3.3.9. Ketaka Das
- The birth of Manasa
- Chando defies manasa
- Chando comes home
- Manasa relents

3.3.10. Ramprasad Sen
- I spent my days in fun
- Tell me, brother, what happens after death?
- What did I do wrong?
- How many times, mother
- You think motherhood is child's play?
- Mind, you gambled?
- I'm not calling you anymore
- Why should I go to Kashi?
- Mother, incomparably arrayed

3.3.11. Fakir Lalon Shah
- The bird and the cage, and the flower

3.3.12. James Battery and W.H. Macnaghten
- Hindoo widows, &c.
- Questions to the Pundits of the Court of Sudder: Dewanny Adawlat

3.3.13. Rammohun Roy
- The practice of burning widows alive

3.3.14. Michael Madshusudan Datta
- The funeral rite of Meghanada

3.3.15. Swami Vivekananda
- Speeches to the World's Parliament of Religions, Chicago 1893


4. The Hindu authors of modernity, 1900 and after

4.1. Folk, tribal, and Dalit Hinduism

4.1.1. Folk Hinduism
- Gujarat: the Goddess of Mahi River; Lord Shiva and the Satwaras; the origin of the Shiva-linga at Bhimnath
- Nagaland: the girl who was loved by a tree spirit
- Bengal: the birth and marriage of Shiva; the origin of the temple at Tarakeshvar; the Brahmin who swallowed a God; if God is everywhere; nonviolence; walking on water
- Andhra Pradesh: how Tenali Rama became a jester; Tenali rama's Ramayana; the guru and the idiot

4.1.2. Adivasi (tribal) Hinduism
- Gonds: Mahadeo and Parvati were living in the Binjpahar Hills; in the underworld; an old Gond and his wife; formerly the whole country belonged to the Gond; a Chamar's son
- Rajnengi Pardhan: the sun and the moon; one night while Sita and rama were lying together; when cows were first born; before Mahadeo sent men to live
- Muria: when this world was first made; long ago men could read the future
- Other tribal groups: Bhagavan wanted to piss (Gogia Pardhan); why men and animals no longer talk together (Ahir); there was no death (Junag); there was once a God called Amrit (Kol)

4.1.3. Dalit Hinduism
- Dr. Ambedkar's speech at Mahad; which language should I speak? (Arun Kamble); you who have made the mistake (Baburao Bagul); the story of 'my Sanskrit' (Kumud Pawde); Angulimal (Tryambak Sapkale); Eklavya (Tryambak Sapkale); for I am Brahma (Narayan Surve); every woman in this country (Kamla Bhasin)


4.2. Hinduism and the twentieth-century writer

4.2.1. Rabindranath Tagore
- Gitanjali: mind without fear; fool; leave this; seashore; sail away; Maya; song unsung; lost time; distant time; endless time

4.2.2. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
- The gospel of selfless action

4.2.3. Prem Chand
- The shourd

4.2.4. Nirala
- A look at death
- Giving
- Blood Holi
- Shurpanakha

4.2.5. Mahasveta Devi
- Dopdi (Draupadi)

4.2.6. Anantha Murthy
- Samskara: a rite for a dead man

4.2.7. Anumandla Bhumayya
- Kausalya in fury

4.2.8. Vilas Sarang
- Rudra the untouchable God

4.2.9. Salman Rushdie
- Midnight's children

4.2.10. Purushottam Nagesh Oak
- The Taj Mahal is a Hindu palace

4.2.11. Kancha Ilaiah
- Hindu Gods and us

4.2.12. A.K. Ramanujan
- Mythologies pt. 1: Putana
- Mythologies pt. 2: Nara-Simha
- Mythologies pt. 3: Mahadevyakka



B. Donald S. Lopez, Jr. - Buddhism

Introduction: in the world of the Buddha

I. Chronology

1. Buddhism in India

1.1. The shared tradition

- How our world began. Knowledge of origins. The Agganna Sutta
- King Shibi rescues a dove. The Shibi Jataka
- Prince Vessantara gives away his children. The Vessantara Jataka
- The Buddha remembers his mother's tears. The noble search (the Ariyapariyesana Sutta)
- The life of the Buddha. Account of the beginning (the Nidanakatha)
- The Buddha's final days. Great discourse on the final Nirvana (the Mahaparinibbana Sutta)
- The Buddha's first sermon. Setting the Wheel of the Dharma in motion (the Dhammachakkappavattana Sutta)
- The Buddha belittles the Brahmins. The three knowledges (the Tevijja Sutta)
- The benefits of mindfulness. The establishment of mindfulness (the Satipatthana Sutta)
- Early aphorisms. Verses of the Dharma (the Dhammapada): the pairs; awareness; the mind; flowers; the childish; old age
- The beginnings of Buddhist philosophy. The chapter on the goal (the Atthakavagga): on desire; eight stanzas on the cave; eight stanzas on the impure; eight stanzas on the pure; eight stanzas on the ultimate; on aging; dialogue with Tissa Metteyya; discourse with Pasura; dialogue with Magandiya; before the body breaks down; contentions and disputes; shorter discourse on taking sides in disputes; longer discourse in taking sides in disputes; the quick way; the violent way; dialogue with Sariputta
- Wander solitary as a rhinoceros horn. The Rhinoceros Horn Sutta (the Khaggavisana Sutta)
- Nuns achieve Nirvana. Songs of the female elders (the Therigatha): Panchasata Patachara; Vasitthi; Khema; Sujata; Anopama; Mahapajapati Gotami; Gutta; Vijaya
- The life well lived. Discourse on good fortune (the Mangala Sutta)
- Kunala loses his eyes. Legend of Ashoka (the Ashokavadana)
- The meaning of love. Discourse on loving-kindness (the Metta Sutta)
- How to meditate on love. Buddhaghosa. Path of purification (the Visuddhimagga)
- The workings of the law of karma. Vasubandhu. Treasury of higher doctrine (the Abhidharmakosha)

1.2. Mahayana Sutras

- The Lotus Sutra. White lotus of the true Dharma (the Saddharmapundarika)- chapter III. A parable
- A layman humbles the monks. The Vimalakirti Sutra - chapter II. Skillful means; chapter III. Disciples
- The pure land. Discourse on the land of bliss (the Sukhavativyuha Sutra)
- The Diamond Sutra. The perfection of wisdom that rends lik a thunderbolt (the Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita)
- The Buddha nature lies hidden within. Discourse on the Buddha nature (the Tathagatagarbha Sutra)
- The Heart Sutra. Discourse on the heart of the perfection of wisdom (the Prajnaparamitahridaya Sutra)
- On the meaning of emptiness. Nagarjuna. Verses on the middle way (the Madhyamakakarika) - XVIII. An analysis of the self; - XXII. An analysis of the Tathagata; - XXIV. An analysis of the noble truths; - XXVI. An analysis if the twelve-fold chain
- In praise of the empty Buddha. Nagarjuna. Four hymns (the Catuhstava): hymn to the incomparable one; hymn to the ultimate; hymn to the one beyond the world; hymn to the inconceivable one
- Advice to a king. Matricheta. Letter to Kanishka (the Kanishkalekha)
- How to be a Bodhisattva. Shantideva. Introduction to the practice of the Bodhisattva Path (the Bodhicaryavatara): I. The power of a commitment to awakening; II. Confession of sins; III. Taking possession of the tought of awakening; IV. Vigilance in preserving the thought of awakening; V. Protecting the thought of awakening; VI. The virtue of patience; VII. The perfection of fortitude; VIII. The perfection in meditation; IX. The perfection of discernment; X. Dedication of merit
- How to meditate on emptiness. Kamalashila. Stages of meditation (the Bhavanakrama)


1.3. Buddhist Tantra
- Rituals for a better rebirth. tantra on the complete purification of all negative places of rebirth (the Sarvadurgatiparishodhana Tantra). Mandala of the king of long life
- How to practice tantra. Tantra on the complete enlightenment of Vairochana (the Vairochanabhisambodhi Tantra. Mantra deeds
- Tantric masters. Abhayadatta. Lives fo the eighty-four the Siddhas (the Chaturashitisiddhaprevritti): Virupa; Saraha; Nagarjuna
- Ever in the female form. In praise of the twenty-one Taras


2. Buddhism in China

- Buddhism comes to China. The scripture in forty-two sections (the Shishi'er Zhang Jing)
- A Buddhist apocryphon. Treatise on the awakening of faith according to the Mahayana (the Dasheng Qixin Lun). Part 4/ On faith and practice.
- A Chinese pilgrim visits the Bodhi Tree. Xuanzang. The great Tang Dynasty record of the Western world (the Da tang Xiyu Ji)
- Burning the body for the Buddha. Accounts in dissemniation and praise of the Lotus Sutra (the Hongzan Fahua Zhuan)
- On the origins of Zen. Platform Sutra of the sixth patriarch (the Liuzu Tan Jing). Number one: account of origins
- Instructions of a Chan master. Linji. Record of Linji (the Linji Lu)
- The Ten Kings of Hell. Scripture on the ten kings (the Shiwang Jing)
-Letters from a Zen master. Dahui. Records of pointing at the moon (the Zhi Yue Lu): 'do not grasp another's bow'; dealing with situations
- Chinese pilgrims meet the Buddha. Wu Cheng'en. Journey to the West (the Xi You Ji)
- The Bodhisattva who bestows children. Dharani Sutra of five Mudras of the great compassionate white-robed one (Baiyi Dabei Wuyinxin Tuoluoni Jing)


3. Buddhism in Korea

-Why practice the Dharma. Wonhyo. Arouse your mind and practice (Palsim Suhaeng Chang)
-The harmony of doctrine and practice. Chinul. Secrets of cultivating the mùind (Susim Kyeol)


4. Buddhism in Japan

- The glories of the esoteric. Kukai. Treatise distinguishing the two teachings of exoteric and esoteric methods (the Benkenmitsu Nikyo Ron)
- On the power of Amithaba's Vow. Shinran. lamenting the deviations (Tannisho)
- Treasury of the true Dharma eye. Dogen. Treasury of the true Dharma eye (the Shobogenzo). Book 28. Paying obeisance and getting the marrow
- How Buddhism protects the nation. Nichiren. Treatise on the establishment of the orthodox teaching and the peace of the nation (the Rissho Ankokuron). Dialogue 1. The cause of the calamities. Dialogue 2. Predictions oin the Sutras. Dialogue 3. Priests of today
- No talking in the hall of silence. Muju Ichien. Sand and pebbles (Shasekishu)
- Chido, who harms the nation, wrote this. Dreams of Buddhism (Buppo Yume Monogatari)
- A conversation with skeletons. Ikkyu. Skeletons (Gaikotsu)
- You poor hole-dwelling devil. Hakuin. Orategama


5. Buddhism in Tibet

- How to exchange self and other. Chekawa. Commentary on eight verses for training the mind (the Lojong Tsik Gyeme Drelpa)
- Milerepa meditates on his mother's bones. Tsangnyon Heruka. Biography of Milarepa (the Mile Namtar). Chapter 9. The journey home
- The stages of the path to enlightenment. Tsong kha pa. Great exposition of the stages of the path (the Lam Rim Chen Mo)
- The path and the result. Mangtho Ludrup Gyatso. Heart of the practice (Nyamlen Nyingpo)
- A Tibetan book of the dead. Janggya. Moonlight bestowing the cooling complete bliss (Dende Silwa Derje Daser)
- Severing the demon of the self. Patrul Rinpoche. Words of my perfect teacher (Kunzang Lame Shelung). The Kusali's accumulation: destroying the four demons at a single stroke


6. Modern Buddhism

- Buddhism comes to Chicago. Anagarika Dharmapala. The world's debt to Buddha
- Buddhism returns to India. B.R. Ambedkar. Buddha or Karl Marx
- How to meditate. Mahasi Sayadaw. Practical Vipassana exercices. Part 1. Basic practice
- San Francisco Zen. Shunryu Suzuki. Zen mind, beginner's mind: control; mind waves; bowing; Zen and excitement
- An American Sutra. Gary Snyder. Smokey the bear Sutra
- Buddhist monk wins Nobel Peace Prize. The Dalai Lama. The Nobel evening address


C. James Robson - Daoism

Introduction: Daoism lost and found

1. Chronology. 

1.1. The dawn of Daoism: from the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 B.C.E.) through the Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.E.)
- The book of Master Mo (Mozi). From against the Confucians
- The scripture of the way and its virtue (Daode Jing, or Laozi) - from book one; from book two
- The book of Master Zhuang (Zhuangzi): free and easy wandering; the secret of caring for life; in the world of men; mastering life
- Master of Huainan (Huainan-zi): from One. Originating in the way; from Two. Activating the genuine
- From inward training (Neiye)
- From the seal of the unity of the three, in accordance with the book of changes (Zhouyi cantong qi)
- The book of Master Han Fei (Han Feizi). From explaining the Laozi (Jielao)
- The old man by the river commentary (Heshang gong). Chapter 3. How to pacify people
- Sima Tan. From essential points the six lineages of thought (Lun liujia yaozhi)

1.2. Classical Daoism takes shape: from the Han Dynasty ((202 B.C.E. - 220 C.E.) through the Six Dynasties period (220-589 C.E.)

- The scripture of great peace (Taiping jing). Section 41. How to distinguish between poor and rich
- The Laozi inscription (Laozi ming)
- Scripture on Laozi's transformations (Laozi bianhua jing)
- Cao Zhi. Two poems on Taishan: Urge on the carriage; In the morn I wandered
- Xiang Kai. From memorial to Emperor Huan. Concerning Buddhism and Daoism
- Wang Fu. The conversion of the barbarians
- From the Xiang'er commentary on the Laozi (Laozi xiang'er zhu)
- From commands and admonitions for the family of the great Dao (Dadao jia lingjie)
- Regulations of the dark capital (Xuandu lüwen). Regulations for petitionins
- The most high jade scripture on the internal view of the yellow court (Taishang huangting neijing yujing)
- The array of the five numinous treasure talismans of the most high (Taishing lingbao wufu xu). Absorption of solar and lunar essences
-  Instructions on the scripture of the divine elements of the nine tripods of the yellow emperor (Huangdi jiuding shendan jing)
- Ge Hong. The inner chapters of the book of the master who embraces simplicity (Baopu zi neipian): Climbing (mountains) and fording (rivers); Talismans for entering mountains
- Traditions of divine transcendents (Shenxian zhuan). Li Changzai. Mozi. Zhang Ling
- From the demon statutes of lady blue (Nüqing guilü)
- From the record of the ten continents (Shizhou ji)
- The 180 precepts spoken by Lord Lao (Laojun shuo yibai bashi jie)
- From the spirit spells of the abyss (Dongyuan shenzhou jing)
- The declarations of the perfected (Zhen'gao): The diffusion of the corpus; Betrothal; Marriage
- Master Zhou's records of his communications with the unseen (Zhoushi mingtong ji): From Tao Hongjing's preface; From Zhou's records, annotated by Tao Honjing
- The marvelous scripture in purple characters of the lord emperor of the gold portal (Huangtiang shangqing jinque dijun lingshu ziwen shangjing): ingesting solar and lunar pneumas
- Scripture of the three primordial perfected ones, by the imperial lord of the golden portal (Jinque dijun sanyuan zhenyi jing)
- From the wondrous scripture of the upper chapters of limitless salvation (Lingbao wuliang duren shangpin miaojing)
- Purification rite of luminous perfected (Mingzhen zhai)
- Lu Xiujing - the abridged codes of master Liu for the Daoist community (Lu xiansheng daomen kelüe)
- Lu Xiujing - the five sentiments of gratitude (Dongxuann lingbao wugan wen)
- Scripture of the opening of heave, by the most high lord Tao (Taishang laojun kaitian jing)
- From biographies of students of the Dao (Daoxue zhuan)
- From the scripture of the inner explanations of the three heavens (Santian neijie jing)
- The great petition for sepulchral plaints (Dazhong songzhang)
- Liu Yiqing. A new account on tales of the world (Shishuo xinyu): A Buddhist critique of Daoist talismans
- Zhen Luan. The essay to ridicule the Dao (Xiaodao lun): preface; revival of the dead through fivefold purification; Laozi became the Buddha; taking cinnabar brings a golden complexion; plagiarizing Buddhist Sutras for Daoist scriptures


1.3. The consolidation and expansion of Daoism: from the Sui Dynasty (581-618 C.E.) through the Tang Dynasty (618-907 C.E.)

- From the essentials of the practice of perfection from the one and orthodox ritual canon (Zhengyi fawen xiuzhen zhiyao)
- Scriptural instructions of the primordial perfected from the hall of light of highest clarity (Shangqing mingtang yuanzhen jingjue): the technique of the mystic realized one
- Zhang Wanfu. From the short exposition on the transmission of the scriptures, rules, and registers of three caverns (Chuanshou sandong jingjie falu lüeshuo)
- From the scripture and chart for the mysterious contemplation of man-bird mountain (Xuanlan renniao shan jingtu)
- The regulations for the acceptance and cultivation of Daoism according to the Dongxuan, Lingbao, and Sandong scriptures (Dongxuan lingbao sandong fengdao kejie yingshi): crimes as conditions for retribution; good deeds as conditions for retribution; the creation of icons; the Daoist's clothes
- Scripture on inner observation by the most high lord Lao (Taishang laojun neiguan jing)
- Shitou Xiqian. The seal of the unity of the three (Cantong qi)
- Yan Zhenqing. Stele inscription for the altar of the transcendent Lady Wei of the Jin Dynasty, the lady of the Southern peak, primal worthy of the purple void, concurrently supreme true mistress of destiny (Jin zixu yuanjun ling shangzhen siming nanyue furen xiantan beiming)
- Wu Yun. Cantos on pacing the void (Buxu Ci)
- Selected poems: Li Bo - The ascent of Mount Tai; The lady of the supreme primordial; Flying dragon conductus; Bo Juyi - composed in response to 'Sending Daoist master Liu off to wander on heavenly platform mountain'
- Li Ao. From the book of returning to one's true nature (Fuxing shu)
- Guifeng Zongmi. The inquiry into the origin of humanity (Yuanren lun). Exposing deluded attachments
- Du Guangting. Records of the assembled transcendents of the fortified walled city (Yoncheng jixian lu): Wang Fajin. Ms. Wang. Mao Ying
- Du Guanting. Biographies of persons who had contact and encountersd with supernatural beings and immortals (Shenxian ganyu zhuan). Biography of Li Quan
- Du Guanting. Records of miracles in support of Daoism (Daojiao lingyan ji). An examination of the altar of the transcendent lady Wei of Nanyue
- The sutra of the three kitchens, preached by the Buddha (Foshuo sanchu jing)
- Du Guanting. From recorded for the ritual of merit and virtue for repairing the various observatories of  Qincheng Mountain (Xiu qincheng shan zhuguan gongde ji)
- The collection of books new and old on the absorption of breath gathered by the Master of Yanling (Yanling xiansheng ji xinjiu fuqi jing). Formula for the use of breath by perfect men of mysterious simplicity. Expounded by the master of great respect
- Yu Xuanji's life and poems: from 'minor writings from Shanshui' by Huangfu Mei: poems; fellings in the last month of spring: sent to a friend; on the assigned topic of willows by the river; early autumn; selling wilted peonies; during a visit to the Southern tower of the veneration of truth monastery I saw the new examionation graduates writing their names on the wall
- The chronicles of Japan (Nihongi) (corpse liberation)
- Poems composed by Kakinomoto No Asomi Hitomaro when the sovereign went on an excursion to the palace at Yoshino (where our sovereign reigns) (our great sovereign)
- Kukai. Indications of the goals of the three teachings (Sango shiki). Preface; Part two: the argument of Kyobu (Daoist)
- Sol Ch'ong. Inscription on an image at Kamsan monastery


1.4. The resurgence and diversification of Daoism: the Song (960-1279 C.E.) and Yuan (1260-1368 C.E) Dynasties

- From the scripture on the golden elixir of the dragon and the tiger (Jindan longhu jing)
- Zhang Boduan. Awakening to reality (Wuzhen pian)
- Zhang Boduan. A song for Liu, a comrade of the Dao, of white toiger cave (Zeng bailongdong Liu daoren ge)
- Zhou Dunyi. Explanation of the diagram of the supreme polarity (Taijitu shuo)
- Shao Yong. Biography of the gentleman with no name (Wuming jun zhuan)
- Yuan Miaozong. From secret essentials of the most high principal Zhenren assisting the country and saving the people (Taishang zhuguo jiumin zongzhen biyao)
- Hong Mai. From 'heard and written by Yijian' (Yijian zhi)
- Esoteric biography of Qinghe (Qinghe neizhuan)
- The corpus of Daoist ritual (Daofa huiyuan). Song of the dark pearl
- Private tutor of the nine spontaneously generating Lingbao heavens of primordial commencement: on latent refinement for transcendent salvation and vitalizing transformation (Yuanshi lingbao ziran jiutian shenghua chaodu yinlian bijue)
- Baj Yuchan. From 'A vermillion petition memorializing the thunder court on the matter of deliberating merit titles' (Leifu zou shiyi xun danzhang)
- Wang Qizhen. The great Lingbao method of the Shangqing heaven (Shangqing lingbao dafa)
- From 'Tract of the most exalted on action and response' (Taishang ganying pian)
- Wang Zhe. From 'Redoubled Yang's fifteen discourses for the stablishment of the doctrine' (Chongyang lijiao shiwu lun)
- Li Zhichang. From 'The record of perfected perpetual spring's travels to the West' (Changchun zhenren xiyou ji)
- Inscriptions from the Palace of Eternal Joy: Yuan Congyi - From 'A record of the Tang Dynasty shrine to perfected man Lü of purified yang (You Tang Chunyang lü zhenren citang ji); Wang E - From 'A stele on the reconstruction of the great palacae of purified yang and limitless longevity (during) our great dynasty' (Dachao chongjian Chunyang wanshou gong zhi bei)
- Wang Daoyuan. Essay on the secret essentials of the recycled elixir (Huandan biyao lun)
- Zhongli of the Han leads Lan Caihe to enlightenment (Han Zhong Li dutuo Lan Caihe)
- Memorabilia of the three kingdoms (Samguk yusa). Podok (Koguryo)
- Records of the three kingdoms (Samguk sagi). Yon Kaesomun (Koguryo)


1.5. The new standardization and unification of Daoism: from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 C.E.) through the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912 C.E.°

-Journey to the West (Xiyou ji). At the three pure ones temple the great sage leaves his name: at the cart slow kingdom the monkey king reveals his power
- Journey to the North (Beiyou ji). The dark emperor descends once more into the mortal world to save the people from misery.
- A record of the land of the blessed (Sanshan fudi zhi)
- Hanshan Deqing. Commentaries on the Laozi and Zhuangzi
- A taste of immortality.
- Matteo Ricci. From 'religious sects among the Chinese'
- Selected Qing Dynasty edicts. On private founding of monastic buildings, and private ordinations of Buddhist and Daoist monks. Regulation of the clergy
- The Daoist priest of the Lao Mountains
- From 'The secret of the golden flower' (Taiyi jinhua zongzhi)
- Fu Shan. Cutting the red dragon (Duan Honglong)
- He Longxiang. Combined collection of female alchemy (Nüdan hebian). From 'The preface'. Awaiting salvation
- Zhang Sanfeng. From 'Secret principles of gathering the true essence' (Caizhen jiyao)
- Min Yide. Transmission of the mind-lamp from Mount Jin'gai (Jin'gai xindeng). Biography of Zhao Daojian (1163-1221), the first patriarch. Biography of Wang Changyue (?-1680)
- The hermits of Huashan
- Immortals certificate
- A shamanistic exorcism
- Biographical stele inscription for the Daoist Wang (Wang daoren daoxing bei)


1.6. Modern Chinese history and the remaking of Daosim: from the Republican Era (1912-1949) to the early twenty-first century

- The Dao among the Yao of Southeast Asia: selected texts
- Alfred, Lord Tennyson. From the ancient sage
- Oscar Wilde. A chinese sage
- Taoism: a prize essay
- Martin Buber. From 'Commentary on *Talks and parables of Chuang Tzu*'
- Carl Gustav Jung. Foreword to 'The secret of the golden flower'
- Chen Yingning. From 'Explorations in oral secrets '(Koujoue gouxuan lu)
- Fangnei Sanren. A ballad on looking for the way
- From 'The complete performance of Su' (Dachu su)
- Yoshitoyo Yoshioka. From 'Daoist monastic life'
- Paul Shih-yi Hsiao. From 'Heidegger and our translation of the Daode Jing'
- Xu Jianguao. Why must we prohibit the reactionary Daoist cults?
- Buddhists and Daoists at Mount Nanyue welcome the people's communes
- George Harrison. The inner light
- Fritjof Capra. The tao of physics: an exploration of the parallels between modern physics and Eastern Mysticism. From 'Beyond the world of opposites'
- Qian Zhongshi. Limited views: essays on ideas and letters (Guanzhui bian). The insights and myopia of mystical philosophies
- Two ritual documents. memorial for a communal ritual. Announcement for a communal ritual
- A Daoist ordination certificate from Putian, Fukian
- Two prayers to the deified Laozi from Penang, Malaysia. Limitless longevity. Lord lao's spirit medium
- Ursula K. Le Guin. Introduction to the 'Tao Te Ching' and epilogue: Dao song
- RZA. The Wu-Tang Manual. Look to the East. The 'three ways': Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism
- Zhang Jiyu. A declaration of the Chinese Daoist Association on Global Ecology


Glossaries: Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism

Selected bibliographies: Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism

Permissions acknowledgments

Indexes

Website(s) in overeenstemming met het werk

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